Critical analysis Coy Mistress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical analysis Coy Mistress - Essay Example While there is an element of truth to this argument, it is also true that poets like John Donne and Andrew Marvell can hardly be limited to these concerns (Donne 98). In Marvell’s poem, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress†, while the narrator constantly objectifies his lover, the poem also offers an insight into the mind of a man and the manner in which he expresses his love. The male narrator talks about the feats that he intends to achieve for the fulfillment of his lust. Characterized by temporal and spatial grandeur, the narrator’s intentions defy logic and human power: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.  I would   Love you ten years before the Flood,   And you should, if you please, refuse   Till the conversion of the Jews.   My vegetable love should grow   Vaster than empires, and more slow; (Marvell) These comments made by the narrator makes one wonder whether the narrator’s reasons for wooing the â€Å"lady† (Marvell) are those of love, or lust. Can the two of these emotions co-exist or are they independent of each other, seems to be the question that seems to be foremost on Marvell’s mind. Contemporary psychology seems to say that both cases are possibilities. While love and lust are emotions that may find expression together, the possibility of them existing separately are also equally true (Barry). In the poetry of Marvell, both these possibilities are accommodated. The speaker in the poem, while talking about the eternal love that he bears for the lady that he talks of, also reminds her of the immediacy of his needs. Marvell’s poetry sees an integration of the emotions of love and lust through the integration of the motifs of eternal love and â€Å"carpe diem†- these words of Horace are usually translated as â€Å"seize the day†(). The character in the poem attempts to convince the lady to enter into a sexual union with him; at the same time by referring to her worthiness to be loved for eternity he also seems to be making a reference to the truth of his love. However, it would not be wrong for one to conclude that the foremost concern of the narrator of the poem seems to be to trick the woman that he is talking about, so as to fulfill his sexual desire. This satiation, which is at the top of the man’s list of priorities, can be seen in the latter half of the poem, where he talks of the worms that would invade the â€Å"long preserved virginity† of the woman, even if she were to guard it religiously, in a desperate attempt to persuade her of the futility of her holiness and chastity. This gets reflected in the impatient images that are used to represent the love of the lover. A psychoanalytic reading of the poem would make it clear how words such as â€Å"amorous birds of prey† figure in the course of things in Marvell’s poem. This would be a representation of the speaker’s state of mind through which his desire to figuratively devour his lover is shown. This is very much a representation of the carnal male desire towards his lover that the speaker lets slip. Throughout this poem, during which the speaker tries to persuade his lover to enter into a sexual union with him, he plays on the aspirations that characterize women and what they desire of a partner. This, psychologists argue is a result of an inbuilt defense mechanism that helps women target those males that they feel are likely to help them raise their children and not just enter into a relationship for the

Cultural Differences in International Marketing

Cultural Differences in International Marketing 1.0 INTRODUCTION The past few decades has witnessed a growing number of businesses expanding their operations internationally. This expansion has led to a number of marketing strategies been adopted by international marketing managers regarding marketing internationally. For business to operate an international market successfully, they must understand cultural differences in their target countries respectivey. Managers need to broaden their perspective,adapt to other cultures,and make decisions that reflect the needs and desires of those cultures. (Rugman Hodgetts 2003 p 126). This discussion critically gives an insight into cultural differences, conceptualization 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a complex term that composes of different definations. Several Authors have given various definations of culture. Hofstede (1980,p87) defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes members of one human group from the other. Leung et al(2005) also defined culture as the values,beliefs,norms,and behavioural patterns of a national group. According to Yapraka (2008), Nakata and Huangs(2002) definition of culure as that complex whole which includes knowledge,beliefs, arts, morals and habits acquired by man as a member of a society defines culture from an international marketing perspective. He further said that this beliefs, customs and habits influences an international marketing managers thinking when adopting marketing strategies and adapting marketing mix.Thus Understanding culture is critical to International marketing mangers when developing marketing policies to suit a particular target market in a country. Earlier studies on culture research focused on Gert Hofstedes four cultural dimensions and Halls High and low context culture( yakram 2008). According to yakram( 2008) article, Nakata and sivakuman(2001) developed a conceptual framework of how the concept of marketing can be applied in multinationals through hofstedes cultural dimensions. Similarly, Rutson et al (1997) suggested that national culture plays has a huge impact on work values. He futher stresed that International managers must understand that the determinant of the success or failure of a product depends on how marketing decisions made interact with the culture of a country. For example, Kentuck Fried Chiken must realize that they way it prepares its chiken in USA for instance may not work in Islamic countries due to religious beliefs and customs. 1.2 CULTURAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Terpstra sarathy (2000) stated that Understanding the cultural environment of a country would assist marketers to adapt their marketing strategies if they take the ingredients(elements) of culture into consideration.The elements comprises of language,,religion,values attitudes, education, social organizations,law politics, Material culture and aesthetics. This elements are essential ingredients that affects the international marketing managers thinking. 1.21 Language According to Terpstra sarathy (2000, p95) Language is a distinct cultural difference that must be dealt with. Therefore for international businesses to interact with employees, onsumers, customers they must understand the local language. (Terpstra sarathy 2000) Studying a foreign language is an essential tool for obtaining information about a country. If a foreign country that has several spoken languages it therefore has several cultures. In Nigeria, they are 3 main languages, and over 50 local languages. This languages are attributed to different cultures. However, language could pose a barrier for international marketers if they are several languages spoken in one country. For instance, marketing is highly dependent on communication so it would be difficult for markerters to advertise , brand and package their products. If managers cannot speak and understand the local language it would be difficult for them to promote their products to their target audience. Another problem could arise in wrong interpretation .Taking a look at KFC in china where English is not spoken, Management need to train and employ the locals of china in other successfully establish their market. 1.22 Religion Religion is another aspect of culture that multinationals handle with caution. Various religions have impacts on consumer behavior and purchasing patterns of a country. In the middle east and Arabic countries Islam is the religion. According to Terpstra Sarathy (2000) Introducing new products in the an Islamic environment could be difficult. Religious holidays or festivals such as Ramadan are strictly adhered to. Religion is important to Managers because it influences lifestyles, beliefs, values and attitudes. It also affects work and societal customs as well as politics and business in general. According to Wind Douglas (2007) in thier article on International marketing segmentation, Difference in beilef systems between cultures may affect consumer behavior and purchasing patterns Dietry laws associated with one religion could affect marketing of food products and service delivery. (Wind Douglas 2007) For example, According to Islamic religion, a chiken must be drained of blood b efore it is cooked or prepared( Halal).It is believed that eating a chiken with blood could affect your spirituality and deeds in islam. This affects the marketing mix of Fastfood companies that are based in Islamic countries because they have to abide by the Islamic law. Hence religion affects international marketing in a number of ways. The economic role of women in Islamic countries could affect advertising. 1.23 Aesthetics . Acoording to Rugman Hodget (2003 p.131), Aesthetics refers to artistic taste of a culture. This taste could in forms, colours,music, design or packaging. Aesthetics values vary depending on the country. International companies need to be aware of the different taste in culture. This is because what is generally accepted in one country may be a taboo in another country. Aesthetic values have an impact on the production and packaging designs of manufacturing industries that operate abroad. International managers need to be aware of taste in colors and symbols when packaging and distributing their products. In 2006, KFC was heavily criticized in china for dishonouring culture by adversing an old Taoist surrounded by his followers holding a chiken burger and claiming it as a master piece. This caused KFC to change its advertising method. Source(www.newsgd.com) ÂÂ ­ 1.24 Customs and manners Customs and manners have a significant impact on consumer behavior, consumption patterns and product packaging. ÂÂ  In the United States and Europe black is used for mourning the dead, while in Japan and the Far East white is the color used for mourning. In countries where status quo is higly regarded, Multinationals have to send a delegation of senior staff to carry out a business negoitation. Morality is another thing that differentiates cultures.What is viewed as moral in country may be vied as highly immoral in another country. For instane, USA it ispermitted for Man and woman to dress half naked on the beach whereas in Arab countries, women are not permitted to reveal their faces when going out. 1.25 Values and Attitudes Values are shared beliefs or group norms that have been internalized by individuals.( Czinkota,M et al 2001,p45) An attitude is a persistent tendency to feel and behave in a particular way towards an object( Rugman Hodgetts 2003,p129). Values and attitutudes vary between and within countries.In that case International markerts need to adjust their promotion methods or brand messages. 1.3 CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Over the last two decades, several researchers discovered different dimensions to culture. Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions to culture, which comprised of collecting data( questionnaire) from over 40 countries. Halls also developed the high context culure which is characterized by less verbal communication, family ties, long term relationship( collectivism) and the low context culture which is characterized by more interpersonal relationship. (HallHall 1986) In this discussion, Hofstedes cultural dimensions and Halls high and low context will be analyzed in four countries, namely United kingdom, Australia, china and India because of the cultural similarities and differences between this countries. 1.4 HOFSTEDES CULTURAL DIMENSIONS Geert Hofstede, a dutch scholar discovered four cultural dimensions which is now used as a framework for understanding differences in national culture in different countries of the world today. In my research, I discovered his dimensions to culture had strengths and weaknesses. Hofstedes cultural dimesnsions didnt focus different cultures that exist within a country. In countries like Italy, Canada, and Nigeria, different norms, values, and languages are present. This dimensions to culture only analzed people of a particular country not people within a country. To further buttress my argument,Galit Alion(2008) critized hofstedes observations. He argued that analyzing and gathering results of research on culture from a single multinational(IBM) cannot be applied to the national level.He further refuted hofsteds methodology by saying it was invalid.Hofsteds research was carried out from an organizational perspective rather than a country level perspective. Similarly, Professor Benden mcsweeney in the article Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences.. A triumph of fate,A faluire of analysis critized Hofstedes cultural dimensions. He argued that IBM as a micro- location in a nation is not typical of a nation itself. According to him, Surveys are not an appriopate way of determining cultural differences and every individual in a nation cannot share the same national culture.(www.geert-hofstede.international-business-center.com) Regarless of the weakness of Hofstedes models, it is still an important framework in determining cultural differences. We will now look at the five(5) cultural dimensions of hofstede 1.41 POWER DISTANCE According to Hofstede (1980) Power distance is the extent to which the powerless members of rganizations and institutions accept that there is inequality in power. In Hofstedes model, he revealed thatin countries characterized by high power distant cultures, social stautus or satus quo is very significant and priveleges are expected for people in authority. On the other hand, In low context cultures,the interdependence between people in power and the less powerful. High power distance includes countries like France, India, Nigeria, china and arab nations while low power distant coutries include USA,UK,Sweden etc Looking at figure 1.2( Australia) and figure 1.3(UK) . Both countries have a low power distance of 30 which implies that the gap between the those in power or authorithy and the ordinary citizens is little comapered to china (75)and India(72). For example, For KFC an American company to be sucessful in india, They must be a high gap difference in power, respect or authority between Management and surbodinates. 1.42 UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE This deals with a socities tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(www.geert-hofstede.com). This dimension indictes how people in a particular culture are willing to accept change. It also shows the extent to which people of a culture feel in umcormfatabe or comfortable circumstances. Hofstede (1980) stated that uncertainty avoiding cultures always are not receptive to change and strictly adhere to laws,rules and safety measures. On the otherhand,Uncertainty accepting cultures are more receptive and open to change or new ideas. In Hofstedes Uncertainty avoidance index(UAI) china scored 60, while UK scored a low score of 30. This implies that International marketing managers in china,will avoid making risky marketing decisions otherwise it might adversely affect their employees. It is therefore expected that Chinese employees work effectively under a formal setting as against an informal setting. In contrast,the UK employees would work better in an informal setting with less strict laws and will readily accept change and risks. Therefore marketing managers need to be careful not to impose rules or laws unnecessarily when dealing with low UAI countries and Plan ,prepare, and focus on strategic and tactical part of a project. 1.43 MASCULINITY AND FEMINITY Masculinity refers to the distribution of roles between men and women and how much a society sticks with gender roles.(www.geert-hofstede.com). His studies further revealed that women roles differ less among socities than mens roles. He also revealed that mens values from various countrues have an assertive approach in business which differentiates it from womens norms and values which is have a caring or modest attitude in work,(www.geert-hofstede.com) In hofstedes Mascuniity index, Australia scored a highscore of 55 while UK sored 60.This means that they share similarities in work values.They both have a moderate masculine culure where men and women work equally in many preferences. 1.44 INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM This dimension focuses on the relationships between individuals and groups. Collectivism is the degree or extent to which individuas are integrated into groups while individualism on the other hand focuses on individual taking care of himself.( Hofstede 1980) In comparing two countries that have high individualism and low individualism, Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.4 we will look at austraia and China. According to Hofstede, china has a low score of 10 which makes it a highly collectivist country while Australia has a high score of 90 which makes it a highy individualistic society. The former fall under a low context culture while the latter falls under a high context culture. For International managers , this implies that in china(collectivist) society, hiring and promoting an employe must be ingroup based while In Australia, emoployee recruitment and promotion must be based on individual skills.ÂÂ  on the one HOFSTEDES CULTURAL DIMENSION Figure 1.2 Australia and United Kingdom Source: http://www.geert-hofstede.com Figure 1.3 China and India SUMMARY This discussion has been able to look at how culture could affect International marketing. For international marketing mangers to succeed in an international market they must Respect the culture of their target country Understand that differences exists within each culture Understand the importance of language when marketing internationally Acknowlege the differences in religion,

The Paradox of Revenge in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado Ess

The Paradox of Revenge in Edgar Allan Poe's The Cask of Amontillado ?The Cask of Amontillado? raises a question pertaining to the multiple character of the self (Davidson 202); Can harmony of one's self be restored once primal impulses have been acted upon? This question proposes the fantasy of crime without consequence (Stepp 60). Edgar Allan Poe uses first person point of view, vivid symbolism and situational irony to show that because of man's inner self, revenge is ultimately not possible. Edward Davidson suggests that Montresor, the main character of the story, "has the power of moving downward from his mind or intellectual being and into his brute or physical self and then return again to his intellectual being with his total self being unimpaired" (202). However, Poe tells this story from Montresor?s point of view. The use of first person narration provides the reader with insight into Montresor's inner struggles. First person narration is Poe's method of insuring the reader understands that Montresor is not successful at this harmony. The thoughts and feelings of Montresor lead the reader to conclude that he is not successful at revenge. Montresor says in telling his story, "You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however that I gave utterance to a threat" (153). By communicating in this way, the question arises of who Montresor is actually speaking to, and why he is telling this story fifty years later. One can only conclude that it is for one of two reasons: he is either bragging or finally giving confession. As he tells the story, it becomes obvious that he has not yet filled his need to win, and now a half of a century later, is still struggling with his conscience. As Gregory Jay s... ...onscious self is obsessed with an evil, the conscious must overcome it or a paradox will result in which both selves parish. Works Cited Barbour, Brian. "Poe and Tradition." Bloom 63-81. Bloom, Harold. Interpretations: The Tales of Poe. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Davidson, Edward H. Poe: A Critical Study. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1980. Frieden, Ken. "Poe's Narrative Monologues." Bloom 135-48. Gargano, James. "The Question of Poe's Narrators." Regan 164-71. Jay, Gregory. "Poe: Writing and the Unconscious." Bloom 83-110. Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Cask of Amontillado." Literature for Composition. Sylvan Barnet, et al, eds. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. 153-57. Regan, Robert. Poe: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Stepp, Walter. "The Ironic Double in Poe's "The Cask of Amontillado" Bloom 55-62.

English Oral Text

Where have you been? We have not seen each other for two years. ‘ miss you a lot. A:Ooh! C didn't tell you? ‘ have to move that weekend because my father has transferred to other place and he needs to start his work immediately. ‘ try to look for you on the last day but there was nobody in your house.B:At that time,' was on vacation with my family at Singapore. C Just informed to me after I came back from loudly. Let felt so bad because I couldn't meet you to say goby. A:But,when I think back about it,' think maybe it is better to go without saying goodbye. At least,we don't need to say goodbye and feel sad. B:Yeah! That's true. Hey,do you live here? A:Yes. Lam living here,This is my hometown. By the way,do you have a phone number? B:Yeah! Of course. Do you want it? A:Yup. So we will be keep in touch after this. B. Okay. Give me your phone because I need your phone number too. A:Sure. Here is it.B:Okay. L got it. Let's done. A:So,what are you doing here? B:Ooh,l was on a school trip for three days and two nights. Today is our last day here. A:Wow,that's fun. Well,what are you going to do now? B:' want to buy some souvenirs for my family and friends. How about you? What are school. ‘ want to thank her for her sacrifice. Anyway,let me help you with it. ‘ know the best souvenir's shop here. B:Well,that is a good idea. A:' also want you to try ‘Alaska',the famous local dish here. Let's absolutely very appetizing if you take it with a bowl of BBC. B:Wow,that sound interesting. Shall we go now?A:Yeah,this way. The shop is over there. Let's go! EXAM FAA : Haw, Sahara our exam is Just around the corner? Have you prepared? Sahara : Yes, I am. I have my own time table and I follow it carefully so then I have many time for study. Btw have you prepared? Flash : 50/50 I think. I want to achieve my target that is sea's but I don't assured. Sahara : Fyi, I Just tell my parent about my time table, if I forgot they will remember me. I know ou r class teacher give us many haw but I did it one by one as long I don't delay it. Flash : Wow :O don't you feel uncontrollable with that time table?Sahara : Sometime I feel like that too but I catch up again. All we need is our attempt and support from our family. Flash : Thanks Sahara I will tried start from today. One more thing friend, how you study at home? Just read reference book or Just do exercise book. I Just read reference book, if I do exercise book I Just do a few then I felt lazy and put it away. Sahara : No Flash you can't do like that, if you want to achieve your target you should attempt. Like me I do that two way to be more better. Flash : Oh I see! You great Sahara. I should fast, you are in the front.Btw I GTAG, thank for the info really appreciate and I hope I'll be like you. Sahara : Haw its okay, I really enjoy talk with you BTW later we can had a study group together bye, make sure arrange your time table carefully 🙂 A friend that change school A : H ey guys! Long time no see. I missed you guys a lot! B : We're too babe! 😀 So bored when you not with us at school. C : Absolutely freaking boring you know? Well, here you are the one that always cheer us up. So how your life in hostels? A : Whoa! Whoa! I miss you guys a lot too 😀 First week I feel like â€Å"Mama, take me back home! So lonely there. I'm too awkward to speak with others and them too. But now everything was fine. B : Hawaii pity you! 😛 That's why I said don't you ever moving to other school. Our school are good what, everything was perfect. C : Agree B! Don't you feel like want school here back? A : Of course I want school here back! But what should I do? Everything is my mama decision. I still loves our school and you know what? I cried when remember our memory together. B : Whoa same goes with me! Haw 😀 I cried when realizes that you no longer with us. C : What? You too B?You always imitate me 😛 A, when we walk, we always tal k to you pretend that you're here. A : You're guys make me proud to have a bestrides like you 😀 Don't worry every weekend, I'll be home. Just came to my house. B : Nah it's not same okay. C : So A, who's your friends there? A : Relax B, long time later you'll be okay without me. My friends there? Me, her mama is D. She's a talkative girl that always make me laugh. B & C : Him okay VACATION A very good morning to our English teacher Pin Numismatists, and fellow friends. Today my group and I would like to act out a dialogue with the title VACATION.Now before I start allow me to introduce my group that is Barium, Gaskin and myself Mira. Mira: (1st day of school after the summer holidays) Hi ABA Hi siskin how was your holiday guys? ABA : It was great. My family went to Pula Language which is known as the Jewel of Asked. We visited many tourist attractions. Some of my favorite spots are the Bird Park, The crocodile farm and The Underwater world. We also got the chance to visit Ma sseur's grave. While we were there I saw a painting of Mashers. Do you guys know the reason why Mashers is special?Gaskin: No I don't, why is Mashers so special? Mira: I heard that Mashers was a pregnant woman who was sentence to death for eating the kings precious fruits right. ABA: Well it is true about that but that's only half of it. Like you said she is a pregnant woman that was sentence to death and legend had said the day of her prosecution she had prayed to god never to let Pula Language to be modernized before her seventh generation was born. Since then Language was never modernized until it is said that Masseur's seventh generation was born, but enough about me how was your summer holiday Siskin?Gaskin: Oh how interesting. My holiday however was not as interesting as yours did but to me it was the most memorable. We went to visit my grandmother at my mother's hometown in a small village situated at Amelia. My grandmother has a garden there and the time was right because th e fruits have fully ripened. She grew many fruits there like Durian, Mangos and Managements. It feels like an island paradise there especially after we finished harvesting the fruits and that's how my vacation went. So how was yours Mira? Mira: Your vacation sounds tons of fun ABA and you to Sick.Well for my vacation my parent's brought us to Cameron highlands where we stayed at Strawberry Park Resort. When we arrived at Cameron it was raining and the temperature there is way cooler than here and you could hardly imagine how it was at night we went there for 3 days 2 nights. On the day that we arrived in Cameron we went to check in the hotel and rest because we were tired after staying in the car for 4 hours. The second day of the trip to Cameron we went to see many places some of my favorites are the Tea farm, Strawberry farm and the Lavender park.It was so nice there at the tea farm we could smell the scent of tea all around us. While at the strawberry farm we could hand pick the strawberries ourselves and we got to taste many types of food made out of strawberry. There was strawberry ice cream, strawberry dipped in chocolate and there were even strawberry muffins with strawberry toppings and large chunks of real strawberries in it. Well while at the lavender farm we got to smell lavender, buy lavender perfume and lavender Hampton other than that we also got to buy lavender flowers. Well that's my vacation and Oh before I forget guys come to my class during recess.I have something to give to you guys. (The bell rings time to go to class)OK then that's the bell I better get going don't want to be late for class. Bye guys see you during recess. ABA & Asking: (together) K bye see you during recess. B: Good morning, Sherry! A : You look so beautiful today! You buy a new down coat? B: Haw! Yes, yes. I went shopping last Sunday! You know there were so many beautiful clothes discounting! A: Really? Oh, what a pity! I'm so busy these days and eave no time going out! B: In fact , I nearly can't stand so cold day in Hairpin.You know I am a new comer, and the weather here hard to suit for me! I almost fear to go outside and stay in the dormitory all day long . But now, I have this down coat and also a hat and a scarf. So I can go out to play. A: I am sorry to hear that . Four years ago when I came here the first year, I'm also feel so cold to go out. Gradually I used to it. Take it easy, today I listened to the radio and it said in the next few days it will be worming up. B:Oh,Let is so grateful ! A: Oh, Annie, do you find these days the price of goods , for example vegetables, pork ND so on, has so sharp drop.?What's your opinion about this fact? B: I think the financial crisis in the United States has affected China Under the condition of economic globalization, no country has a narrow escape in this crisis. A: I think so.. L heard that a quantity of goods in China exported to America. Just because the crisis happened in the USA, a lot of enter prises in the coastal areas of China go bankrupt and then many people lose their Jobs. I am afraid that we will have some difficulty to find a suitable Job in the next year. B: What a terrible thing it is! In today's newspaper,I learned that at the end of this year , about one hundred million college students cannot find a Job. And the next year , there will be six hundred college students graduated. So you can imagine the way to find a ideal Job for us will be a hardships. A: He! Maybe the topic we have today is too sad. B: Ye. Don't too worry about it now . The only thing we can do is to work harder and try to learn more things appropriate to social application. And the government will also take actively steps to stimulate more Job opportunities. A: K! Let's correctly face opportunities and challenges in the future. B:Yes. OK! Let's coordinate our efforts!

Family Violence in New Zealand

Sally washed the dishes and began to dry them. All of a sudden, she heard the door slam. ‘Girl! Where's my food? ‘ the voice yelled. Sally began shaking and hunting frantically for the dish. Her seven year old fingers dropped the plate and it shattered on the floor. Her father stomped into the kitchen and began to threaten to beat her. Think this story is horrifying and unrealistic? Think again. Scenarios like this happen to thousands of children every day. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking.Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behaviour is, the more unimaginable it seems. But the incidence of parents and other caregivers consciously, even wilfully, committing acts that harm the very children they’re supposed to be nurturing is a sad fact of human society that cuts across all lines of ethnicity and class. Whether the abuse is from the perpetrator’s mental illness,  substance abuse, or inability to cope, the psychological result for each abused child is often the same: deep emotional scars and a feeling of worthlessness.Statistics show that family violence in New Zealand has increased by 20%. Child, Youth and Family had 66,210 notifications of suspected child abuse involving 47,221 children were received by Child, Youth and Family in 2005 and 2006. Now it has risen to over 130,000 notifications. Woman’s Refuge have been helping between 450–600 families per month and on average 14 woman, 6 men and 10 children are killed each year by a member of their family. Police figures report 9,630 male assaults and female assaults increased nationally by 40% in years up to 2008.Police attended 86,545 Family Violence callouts; there were roughly 200 Family Violence incidents per day one every 7 minutes. Police estimate that on average 18% of Family Violence incidents go unreported and at least 74,785 children and young people present at Family Violence incidents, 84% of those arrested are men and 16% are women. There were 3,105 temporary protection orders and 2,738 final protection orders involving approximately 10,000 children that were made by the Family Court in the year to 30 June 2006. Barnados, Personal communications, August 2012) For children 26 child victims were murdered by men and 15 child victims were murdered by women. Men are responsible for 2/3rds of the deaths of children aged 0 – 14 years and children under one years of age are at a greater risk of being killed Mothers and fathers are equally represented as perpetrators in this age group (The First Report July 2006. ) These statistics on abuse is a serious problem for such a small country. It is horrific to see how many children get abused everyday around our communities, cities and between the North and South Island.Child abuse is becoming a serious problem in New Zealand and is damaging our childs emotional, physical and cognitive development, which can lead to effects later on in life. There should be more advertising on child abuse and more people should speak up to get the help they are needed. Children are our future so we should be protecting them not hurting them. The role of the adult is to protect their children from any harm or dangerous situations and have a safe positive environment for the child to be in.The adult’s role is to care for the child and ensure that their well-being is being met and that they are nutured. Children at a young age are dependent on adults and need the guidance and support which some children are sadly not getting. The adult needs to be a positive role model in the child’s life and communicate with the child in a positive way. The role of the Early childhood educator is to care for and educate the children in their setting. It is your responsibility to k eep these children safe from any harm or possible danger.Early childhood cetres should provide a positive learning environment where the child is encouraged, praised and acknowledged. Educators should support families and help when needed. It is our goal to make a difference in a child’s life and it should be a positive one. This essay will outline who is abused, the children in our society that are particularly vulnerable to abuse and will state the five main types of abuse that are addressed in New Zealand. It will discuss the short term and long term effects of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect and family violence for both children and families.It will discuss the positive and negative effects on a community of a suspected child abuse case and discuss why it is important for children to know how to protect themselves through three strategies. This essay will explain what early childhood teachers should do to protect themselves from allegations when working in an e arly childhood setting and give two examples of two voluntary services in New Zealand which support children who have been abused and support the children and their families these services are Otautahi Refuge and Barnyards.The final part of this essay will evaluate the role of both voluntary and private services in supporting children and their families under pressure these services are Child, Youth and Family and Cholmdeley Children’s Home it will discuss the usefulness and limitations of each service then finally conclude the key aspects. There are four main types of abuse around the world these are emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. There is also a fifth type of abuse in New Zealand which is family violence. Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Every child can be exposed to violence and many children can be vulnerable to abuse. Children In our society that is living with the following factors can be more vulnerable to abuse. A child with a young mother that has a low self-esteem that may have little support and is unable to cope with stress. A parent that has a psychiatric history or mental illness. A child who is living with an unrelated adult, a child that lives in an environment with family violence or the parent or family member has a history of abuse.Other factors can include Excessive use of alcohol, drug taking, poverty, lack of essential resources, the parent has dissatisfaction with the child and is unwanted, social isolation where there is no family support and minimal antenatal care. (Simcock, 2011). Infants and children with disabilities are particularly vulnerable and are at a higher risk of being abused. Babies and under two’s are the most vulnerable of all children, because they are fully dependent on adults to care for them.It is also easier for parents to become isolated at this time because the child may not be in preschool and will not have much contact with the outside world. This can make it harder prof essionals or others to identify when things aren’t quite right. (Child, Youth Family, 2011). Some offenders abuse children because they are attracted to their dependency; this combined with society’s attitude towards disabled people can increase the risk of disabled children and those that have learning difficulties being abused.Children with disabilities are less likely to receive information on abuse and might not understand the inappropriateness of abuse and the difference between good and bad touching. Children with disabilities may receive less affection from family and friends who can make them be more accepting to sexual attention. Children with disabilities are more vulnerable because they could be less likely to tell someone what has happened because of communication disabilities as well as they might not be believed. (Beaver, et al. 2008). There are short term and long term effects that each type of abuse can have on children and families. â€Å"Verbal and p sychological wounds can leave a child forever changed†. (Teach through love, 2012). The effects of emotional abuse are often silent and are often overlooked, unnoticed or confused with other causes. Emotional child abuse, attacks a child's self-concept, the child comes to see him or herself as unworthy of love and affection. The long term effects of child abuse may not be shown until the child is older.Less severe forms of early emotional deprivation still can produce drastic effects of emotional abuse such as babies who will grow into anxious and insecure children who are slow to develop and who may fail to develop a strong sense of self-esteem. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. teach-through-love. com/effects-of-emotional-abuse. html). The long term effect on neglect from poor health show that adults who experienced abuse or neglect during childhood are more likely to suffer from physical ailments such as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure, and ulcers (Sp ringer, Sheridan, Kuo, & Carnes, 2007).Sexual abuse effects on children and youth can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was only one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. When a child is sexually abused she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection their well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection.Short term effects could include some form of bruising on the child, long term effects can include depression, extreme dependency, inability to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. Children's bodies can often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. child-abuse-effects. com/sexual-abuse-effects. html). Physical abuse is a behaviour which results in physical harm to a child. Short term effects of physical abuse ma y include unexplained bruises, welts, cuts and abrasions these can be found in unusual places and should be looked out for in case they are a regular occurrence.Short term effects also include burn marks and unexplained fractures or dislocations which can be unusual for a child at a young age. The child may not be able to trust and be fearful of physical contact. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Family violence is like a war zone in the family household. It is where children live an in environment characterised by fear, frustration, anger, cruelty and violence. Children that are exposed to family violence can have short term effects this could be when the child develops severe behavioural problems, become violent as adolescents and for long term effects they could continue the cycle of violence. chrome://newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/Site/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). Family violence can cause the child to have a low self-esteem, poor academic results when older, and ca n have a fear of developing close relationships. (chrome://newtabhttp//www. jigsaw. org. nz/Site/Help/Hot_Topics/family_violence. aspx). The long terms effects that abuse can have on the family could be that the abuser might not know they are constantly putting the child down and neglecting them, the adult may not see any harm in it.The child might show signs when they are older that they have been emotionally abused and their parents may question why they are acting or have feelings that way. The victim (child) may have no trust in adults and might not be able to form close relationships. The effects of physical and sexual abuse on the family will be if someone notices the child being abused they could report it to the agency for example CYFS (Child, Youth and Family) and the abuser could be charged against and put into jail depending on the seriousness of the abuse.The family will get a name for themselves and the family will be torn apart. (Child, Youth and Family, 2011). Child a buse can affect anyone, even children in your own community. The effects on a suspected child abuse case in the community can have both negative and positive effects. The positive effects are that the community will be aware of what is going on around them and can look out for families that may be vulnerable to abuse â€Å"The more people there are looking out for children, the safer they’ll be† (Child, Youth and Family, pg. 25).The community watch will intervene if needed but will keep a look out to see if there is any unexpected behaviour that should not be occurring. Helpful ways that the community can get involved will be listening and supporting the family, putting them in touch with people that can help. The community could send out brochures or have community group meetings that discuss abuse, what to look out for and if needed where to get help and support from. This will allow the family to feel a sense of support from the community and get the help that is ne eded.The negatives about the community suspecting could be that the family may hear gossip that is going around and feel like they are being named and discriminated against. The family may have a feeling of being ‘judged’ and from that feel isolated from everyone in the community. Children of a young age are often unaware or naive of potential danger and therefore vulnerable to abuse or bullying. Because of this it is important that children know how to protect themselves from abuse, bullying and to be aware when they could be in possible danger.The best way to protect children is to empower them to protect themselves, by doing this they need to feel good about them and then will have a high level of confidence, self-esteem and be assertive therefore making them less vulnerable to abuse and bullying. The childcare practitioner has a professional duty and responsibility to protect the welfare of the children in their care. Children should feel that they are able to come to the childcare practitioner for help and protection, but will only be able to do this once a trusting relationship has been built up between them.The childcare practitioner also has a responsibility to involve the parents in helping children to protect themselves, as the message given to the children needs to be consistent. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). One way that I would teach a child to protect themselves would be through a learning experience that involves how to take care of the babies in the centre. I will demonstrate and role model how to care for the babies by being gentle, bathing them appropriately being calm and feeding them the right foods.I will show them how to correctly hold a baby and have conversations on why you should never drop or shake a baby. From this experience children will develop awareness of what is appropriate and what is inappropriate and if you have a strong relationship with the child they may approach you and say that it’s not the way their youn ger siblings are being treated at home, this will then lead to questioning of abuse. Hide and seek is not only just a game but it can be used to prevent children from family violence, physical and sexual abuse.As a practitioner you can talk to the children about being in an uncomfortable situation for example if there is a lot of yelling or someone being hit in the household or if you ever feel unsafe to run and hide under their bed or lock themselves in the bathroom if there is a lock on the door and not to come out until it is safe. This is a hard strategy to tell children because you do not want to scare or upset the children so you have to say it in a relaxed way. This can help prevent the child from the abuser or witnessing any forms of abuse.Another strategy that I can teach would be teaching the children about their body parts and what is appropriate to touch and what is inappropriate to touch. This is a hard subject to address because you could explain to the children that n o one other than someone they trust can touch their ‘private’ areas for example when nappy changing and washing but other than that they should not touch them. â€Å"Your body is your own†. (Finkelhor, D. pg. 59, 2007). Teaching children that their body is their own and that no one can touch it without permission.Establishing open and direct communication at a very early age about sexuality and â€Å"private body parts†, using the correct names for genitals and other parts of the body, will help children understand what is and what is not allowed for adults in contact with them. This will also help them recognise embarrassing or abusive behaviour. To teach this to children I could use a board story of the body and get the children to identify each part and whether it is okay for other children and adults they don’t trust to touch them there or not, this could allow conversations to start and the children may ask questions. Finkelhor, D. 2007). Safe and unsafe touching. Teach children the difference between safe/appropriate and unsafe/inappropriate touching. Tell children it is not okay if someone looks at or touches their private parts or asks them to look at or touch someone’s private parts, and that inappropriate touches are wrong and against the law. If they are not sure whether someone else’s behaviour towards them is acceptable, make sure they know to ask a trusted adult for help. (Finkelhor, D. 2007).Early childhood teachers need to protect themselves when working in an early childhood setting to protect ourselves from allegations of child abuse. Centres should have a set of policies and procedures set in place so that parents, caregivers and whanau can view these at any time. If a child has an accidental injury it must be recorded in a book stating what happened, how you fixed it and ensure that it is signed by a witness. If a child makes false allegations against you, record the dates and time it was said and get another adult to witness if it is possible.If a child touches a teacher inappropriately, record what happened and let another adult know what happened. When you go on school trips ensure that you have enough staff for ratios. As a teacher you need to make sure you don’t place yourself in a position where you are spending a huge amount of time alone with one child this could lead to assumptions. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). If you are an early childhood teacher in a home based setting, never take a child into your bedroom or take children in the car by yourself unless you have that trust with the parent/caregiver.When changing a child’s nappy, clothing and bathing ensure that there is someone with you, most centres have see-through windows in there toileting area. When it comes toileting never wipe a child’s bottom when they are capable of doing it for themselves, avoid going on your own to the toilet with children. Keep in mind of how and where you touch a child. If a child is really young or disabled consider a cushion for your lap when they sit on your knee. If a child hugs you or kisses you be careful if it extends.If you are going out of the room with a child for example to the store room to help get paint make sure you tell another teacher or adult where you’re going and make sure you are not out there for a long period of time. Early childhood teachers need to ensure that they follow these procedures in order to protect themselves. (Beaver, et al. , 2008). Otautahi woman’s refuge is a community based, voluntary organisation that have been operating since 1989 with the purpose of supporting whanau Maori to escape family violence and move towards wellbeing.Otautahi empower and support whanau Maori and communities who choose a free life from violence and abuse in all forms. Otautahi have a safe house which is primarily for Female Maori and tamariki who are involved or in immediate family violence situations this allow s the family to be safe from harm, confidential and supervised at all times, Otautahi also have outreach support to both perpetrator and victim. They provide a 24hour seven days a week support

Scwamp Analysis Essay Example

Scwamp Analysis Essay Example Scwamp Analysis Paper Scwamp Analysis Paper SCWAMP- Straight, Christian, White, Able-bodied, Male, Property-Owning. I remember once back when Miller Lite had these series of â€Å"Man Law† commercials, but at the time I did not notice that they where performing a SCWAMP analysis. â€Å"The Men of the Square Table†, consisted of Jerome Bettis (retired running back for the Pittsburg Steelers), Eddie Griffin (comedian and actor), Ty Murray (rodeo cowboy), Triple H (wrestler), Burt Reynolds (actor), and others. All these men were straight, and were not a fan of feminine ways. For instance, the famous quote, â€Å"Man Law†. This quote made it clear if a scenario was accepted or not. The commercial does not really express a form of the religion, Christianity. To me it seems like the real religion here is the Miller Lite beer. I feel the beer bottle signifies the bible because the all having one sitting at the table, and toast them up when they all consider a scenario a â€Å"Man Law†. Which brings me to how the word â€Å"Man Law†, signifies something along the lines of The Ten Commandments. Even though there are mixed races at the table, Burt Reynolds, a white man, was the moderator of the table. He has the final say on whether each scenario brought up is a â€Å"Man Law† or not. While other people at the table of a different race, Jerome Bettis, has to question every scenario that is brought upon the table, ultimately having to settle for what ever the white man concludes is accepted or not. Also, the Latin guy who was at the table thought it was â€Å"ok† to slice a piece of lime in stick it in your beer, but was heavily contradicted by the table. Everyone at this is able-bodied except one guy, Aron Ralston who had to amputate his arm when a boulder fell on it. Even though it puts him at the bottom of the totem pole when it comes o being able-bodied, it shows a great form of being manly. But those men that are able-bodied are athletes, actors, which demonstrate that they have to being able to perform physically at what the do. Triple H, had an occasion where he actually got mad when he thought he was not going to be able to rip his shirt off anymore, but did it anyway. Being that everyone at the table is male, and they are drinking a manly drink (beer), is more than enough evidence what Miller Lite is trying to portray. Lite beer is usually geared towards woman, but Miller Lite puts the manliest figures at a table drinking it, because Miller Lite knew it would take the feminine away from the product. Property-Owning, goes back to the moderator of the table. Everyone at the table is dressed casually, but Burt Reynolds has a suit on. This shows that he is wealthy, and the chances of him owning something is very high. Also, shows how he is the ultimate SCWAMP at the table. He fulfills all the traits of a SCWAMP. Everyone, both male and female, can perform a SCWAMP analysis of themselves. But, females will never be able to completely meet all of the standards because to the â€Å"M† in SCWAMP. I feel that can be one of the major factors of why many feminist do not like this type of analysis, it puts every single female in a hole from the start.

Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness †Philosophy Essay

Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Plato and Aristotles Belief About Happiness Philosophy Essay Happiness is a desirable state for man, a state which for the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle, can be achieved through possessing good things. Plato states that â€Å"a lover of good things has a desire †¦ that they become his own. That’s what makes people happy, isn’t it possessing good things (Five Dialogues, 50).† Acquisition of gold and silver, or honors and offices in the city may seem to lead to happiness, but Plato does not consider them good if they are not gained â€Å"by justice or moderation or piety or some other part of virtue (Five Dialogues, 68). In this regard, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement as to what form of good most directly leads to happiness, virtue. Aristotle suggests that â€Å"We always pursue honor, pleasure, wisdom, and all the virtues, both for their own sakes and for the sake of happiness, since we think we shall attain happiness by means of them. (Philosophy of Aristotle, 321) And here as with Plato we are in pursuit of that which makes us happy, we must attempt to make the good our own. The search for the good is necessitated by the fact that we are born without it. â€Å"It is quite plain that none of the moral virtues is produced in us by nature †¦ They come to be because we are fitted by nature to receive them; but we perfect them by training or habit (Philosophy of Aristotle, 334).† We can become morally virtuous then, and thereby happy, through the habituation of moral practices. It is in the question of how one becomes morally sound that the philosophies of Aristotle and Plato diverge. Whereas Aristotle gives us a training routine for attaining what we do not have, Plato abstracts the concept of virtue to an eternal form that can be achieved through love. â€Å"A man or anyone else who has a desire desires what is not at hand and not present, what he does not have, and what he is not, and that of which he is in need; for such are the objects of desire and love (Symposium, 43). The man who lacks virtue desires to have it, and through love can com e to know virtue in its true form. But before we analyze the distinct methods that these philosophers proscribe for the attainment of virtue, it is critical that we understand how they define virtue itself. The split in a method for achieving moral virtue is predicated on the very different definitions given it by Plato and Aristotle, definitions which are erected on the foundation laid by Socrates. Socrates believed that virtue was a concept unknown to man, yet widely regarded by men as easily defined. He methodically sought out those who claimed expertise on the subject of virtue and showed them to be deficient. And while Socrates was able to prove others incomplete in their knowledge, he also lacked a definition of virtue himself. But he claimed to be wiser â€Å"to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know (Five Dialogues, 26).† In knowing that he did not know, Socrates enables the concept of virtue to be reevaluated. His philosophy becomes the precondition for the work of Plato and Aristotle, in that a definition of virtue would not be required if an acceptable one already existed. Plato is the first to put forth a new definition, using our understan ding of geometry as a reference point. Research Papers on Plato and Aristotle's Belief About Happiness - Philosophy EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to AfricaQuebec and CanadaOpen Architechture a white paperEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal Immigration